McMinn
Study Guide -- Lab 4
After reading pages 664-677, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the distillation process. 2. Explain the three types of temperature behavior during a simple distillation (Fig. 8.2). 3. Identify a Hickman head. 4. Set up a basic microscale distillation with external monitoring (Fig. 8.5). 5. Explain how to collect fractions from a Hickman head during a distillation (Fig. 8.6). 6. Explain why you should never heat a system that is completely sealed off from the outside atmosphere. 7. Monitor a distillation using either external or internal means and recognize the disadvantage of using external monitoring. 8. State the function of a boiling stone. Note: We will be using a boiling stone,not a spin vane. 9. Explain why the distillation flask should not be more than two-thirds full and why you should take care not to distill too quickly. After reading pages 693-707, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the difference between a simple distillation and a fractional distillation. 2. Explain why the temperature-distillate plot for a simple distillation (Fig. 10.1)is different than the temperature-distillate plot for a fractional distillation (Fig. 10.3). 3. Define mole fraction or mole percentage. 4. Use a phase diagram of an ideal two-component system (Fig. 10.4) to predict the composition of the vapor and the liquid during a vaporization step. 5. Use a phase diagram of an ideal two-component system (Fig. 10.4) to predict the composition of the vapor and the liquid duringacondensation step. 6. Explain how a fractionating column allows the separation of two substances with different boiling points. 7. Describe an ideal solution. 8. State Raoult’s Law. 9. Describe the consequences of Raoult’s Law (Fig. 10.7).
After reading pages 95-99, you should be ready to do the following: 1. Write the reaction describing the synthesis of banana oil. Identify the limiting reactant and calculate the theoretical yield. 2. Set up the reaction for reflux. 3. Work up the reaction. You should be able to describe the following details: a) the purpose of the NaHCO3 extractions, b) the identity of the gas evolved during the extractions, c) the procedures for drying the reaction mixture, d) and the procedure for distilling the reaction mixture and isolating the product. Gas Chromatography Experiment: After reading pages 769-784, you should be able to do the following: 1. List three common uses of gas chromatography. 2. List three ways gas chromatography differs from column chromatography (which is similar to TLC). 3. Draw a schematic diagram of a typical gas chromatograph (Fig. 15.2). 4. Describe a glass capillary column. 5. Describe the principles of separation using gas chromatography. Include in your description the role of the carrier gas, the injection port, the stationary phase, and the oven. 6. List and describe four factors that affect separation by gaschromatography. 7. List three advantages of gas chromatography over other chromatography methods. 8. Describe the two types of detectors in common use. 9. Describe features of a typical chromatograph (Fig. 15.5). 10. Define retention time. 11. List likely reasons for poor peak resolution or for tailing. 12. Use retention times to identify components of a mixture. 13. Use peak triangulation to approximate the molar percentage composition of a mixture. After reading pages 181-186, you should be ready to use gas chromatography to identify components of a gasoline sample.